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September
2006
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MUMMY
SCIENCE:
IRAN
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Oxford
University archaeologists to help study the four salt mummies of Chehrabad
Salt Mine (payvand.com)
"The
director of an archaeological team working at the Chehrabad Salt Mine
in the Hamzehlu region near Zanjan said that a group of Oxford
University archaeologists is interested in participating in the study
on the salt men found at the mine. 'A group of Oxford University
archaeologists has prepared a plan, asking to participate in the
study, and the Center for Archaeological Research is investigating the
plan,' Abolfazl Aali told the Persian service of CHN on Wednesday.
'The archaeologists will be invited to the project if their plan is
approved by the center. The collaboration would be a good experience
for both sides,' he added. Last year, pieces of clothing and DNA
samples from three of the four ancient salt men were sent to Oxford
University for carbon-14 dating. 'The Chehrabad Salt Mine is one of
the world's unique ancient sites, but there are also similar sites in
other countries where their archaeologists have had many experiences,
which could be helpful for us,' Aali said. Four bodies of people
dubbed "salt men" have been unearthed by mineworkers over
the past ten years...."
More
information about the Chehrabad Salt Mummies
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September
2006
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MUMMY
SCIENCE:
UK
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Remaking
an animal mummy: Artist Damien Hirst tries to preserve his tiger shark all
over again (iht.com)
"In this vast Gloucestershire flatland dotted
with abandoned airplane hangars, a former Royal Air Force Station
where pilots once plotted classified missions during World War II, the
artist Damien Hirst was overseeing a secret operation of his own one
recent morning.
It was a delicate undertaking, one that required rubber
protective jumpsuits, long tables of medical equipment and more than
224 gallons of formaldehyde. The goal: to replace the decaying tiger
shark that floats in one of Hirst's best known works of conceptual
art, "The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone
Living." As rap music quietly played in the background, five men
and a woman wearing bright yellow suits, black rubber gloves and
breathing masks huddled over the shark's hulking 4-meter-long
replacement. The immediate impression was that the shark was being
treated by a team of acupuncturists: about 200 large needles dotted
its body. So toxic was the air that the property could be reached only
through security- coded iron gates, and no one, not even the artist,
was allowed near the shark without protective gear. As Hirst, 41,
looked on, he plucked a long hypodermic needle from a nearby
worktable...."
More
information about
Damien Hirst's animal mummy art
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September
2006
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ÖTZI: LAWSUIT
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Lawsuit
over finder's fee set to continue, as local authorities appeal to
Italy's highest court (ansa.it)
"A legal battle over a finder's fee for Italy's
famous Iceman mummy is set to run and run. Local authorities have
appealed to Italy's highest court against a May verdict by a lower
court which ruled that Austrian couple Helmut and Erika Simon found
the 5,000-year-old frozen man. The lower court said that Erika, who
lost her husband in a mountain accident two years ago, should be
properly compensated. In its appeal to the Cassation Court, the
provincial council in Bolzano argued that Mrs Simon was asking for too
much, 150,000 euros, for the sensational 1991 find. 'One has to
consider that we have borne all the expense of exploiting the find,'
it claimed. Ms Simon countered by reiterating that the Iceman had been
a goldmine for the northern Italian city. For years, Bolzano's
provincial administration have been offering the Simons 50,000 euros
In spurning the fee, the Simons cited the estimated four million euros
a year the Iceman generates for restaurants, hotels and
souvenir-sellers in Bolzano alone - not to mention a worldwide
industry of TV programmes, documentaries and books..."
MORE
ON THE ÖTZI NEWS PAGE
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September
2006
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MUMMY
UPDATE:
MAINE
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What
happened to the Egyptian mummy? Nonesuch House Antiques in Wiscasset goes up
for sale, revealing mummy's fate (pressherald.mainetoday.com)
"Terry Lewis was a merchant mariner, antiques
collector and comedian, but he's best known as the Mummy Man. Lewis's
controversial decision to display an Egyptian mummy at his antiques shop made
news around the globe in 1996. The mummy's gone, but the public has one last
chance to view other objects that Lewis brought from around the world to
midcoast Maine. Lewis died in June, and The Cyr Auction Co. of Gray will
auction off Nonesuch House Antiques' collection, as well as the Colonial style
home, at 10 a.m. Saturday on Middle Street.... In 1996, his shop made
headlines and network television after the Maine Attorney General's Office
learned that he had an Egyptian mummy on the premises. Lewis acquired the
mummy in 1992 at a museum liquidation sale in New Hampshire. The U.S. Customs
Service placed a seizure order on the mummy, which prevented Lewis from
selling it. The controversy, which was reported by various news media, ended
in 1997 after two Egyptologists from the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston
inspected the unwrapped, blackened specimen and determined that it had no
cultural value to Egypt.... Sonia MacNeil, who handles public relations for
Cyr Auction, said Lewis sold the mummy to the Niagara Falls Museum in Toronto
in the late 1990s...."
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September
2006
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MUMMY
SCIENCE: CANADA
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Dinosaur
specimens,
discovered in box under ping-pong table, provide mummy-fossil record
of ichthyosaur
embryos inside pregnant fossil
(physorg.com)
"Embryos found within the body of a pregnant
fossil also mark the most recent record of a live birth and the
physically smallest known ichthyosaur embryos. 'It was pretty amazing
to realize this valuable discovery had sat under a ping-pong table for
25 years,' said Dr. Michael Caldwell, paleontologist at the U of A.
'But I suppose that after 100 millions of years in the dirt, it's all
relative.' A few decades ago, graduate students and a technician from
the Faculty of Science collected several ichthyosaur specimens - the
marine animals resembled dolphins and fish - from the Loon River
Formation at Hay River, NWT. Somehow the bones ended up in several
boxes underneath a ping-pong table in the science undergraduate lab.
When Caldwell arrived in 2000, he started renovations, found the boxes
and immediately started inquiring about the fossils. Allan Lindoe, the
technician of the original dig, was still in the faculty and explained
the history. Working with Erin Maxwell, an undergraduate student at the
U of A at the time, Caldwell soon learned the bones were from the
Lower Cretaceous period, or about 100 million years old. This finding
was significant since it bridged a huge gap - the previous set of
pregnant ichthyosaur specimens was dated 80 millions earlier. The Loon
Lake collection was also the most northern record of ichthyosaur
remains from Canada.... The research is published in the current issue
of the journal Palaeontology."
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September
2006
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MUMMY
SCIENCE: SPAIN
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Egyptologists
meet in La Laguna to discuss intriguing question: Are the Canary
Islands' Guanche mummies related to mummies of Ancient Egypt?
(tenerifenews.com)
"...though he discounted any direct linkage
between the aboriginal inhabitants of the Canary Islands and the
ancient Egyptians, a theory based on their love of mummifying their
dead and which has gained ground in recent years, the professor
[Antonio Tejera Gaspar] admitted that an indirect relationship was
possible. 'There is no doubt about the north African origins of the
inhabitants of these islands,' he said and went on to explain that it
is generally accepted they were descended from Libyan Berbers who
themselves probably originated west of the Nile. They began to settle
in the Canaries in around the first century AD. Moving on to the vexed
question of whether Guanche mummification owes anything – or
everything – to Egypt, Professor Tejera said: 'It is very probable
the old system of mummification so characteristic of Tenerife and Gran
Canaria could have derived from ancient knowledge. These people did
after all come from Africa. Some of the Berber tribes were relatively
close to Egypt and many communities, say in the second or third
millennium, were in contact with the Egyptians. So it would not be
straining credibility too far to say that the practice could have some
link with them, but not a direct one. ' "
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MUMMY
TOMBS COMMENT:
Some Egyptologists
will continue working on the possible relationship between Guanche
mummies and Egyptian mummies for some time to come. At the
same time,
a
group of pyramids in Güímar on the island of Tenerife
has also raised intriguing possible connections between
ancient Egyptians and the early settlers of the Canaries.
Not all are convinced of the age of the Güímar pyramids,
however, including Professor Tejera (see above article). Yet famed
researcher Thor Heyerdahl has studied the pyramids. Though
he discovered many things about them, he was unable to date
them.
FOR
FURTHER READING
The
best book on the subject (limited to one chapter in the book) is
Howard Reid's In
Search of the Immortals:

More
information about the Guanche mummies at the Mummy Tombs
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September
2006
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EXHIBIT:
PERU
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More on the ancient
mummified dogs of Peru
Chiribaya
culture buried dogs with blankets and treats alongside human mummy tombs
(boston.com)
"Even in ancient
Peru, it seems dogs were a man's best friend. Peruvian investigators
have discovered a pre-Columbian culture of dog lovers who built pet
cemeteries and buried their pets with warm blankets and even treats for
the afterlife. 'They are dogs that were thanked and recognized for their
social and familial contribution,' anthropologist Sonia Guillen said.
'These dogs were not sacrificed.' Since 1993, researchers have unearthed
82 dog tombs in pet cemetery plots, laid alongside human mummy tombs of
the Chiribaya people in the fertile Osmore River valley, 540 miles
southeast of Lima. The Chiribaya were farmers who lived from A.D. 900 to
1350 before the rise of Peru's Inca Empire. 'We have found that in all
the cemeteries, always, in between the human tombs there are others
dedicated to the dogs, full-grown and puppies,' said Guillen, who
specializes in the study of mummies. 'They have their own grave and in
some cases they are buried with blankets and food.' Guillen, director of
the Centro Mallqui, the Bioanthropology Foundation of Peru, said the
dogs are known as Chiribaya shepherds for their herding abilities. She
and her team are trying to prove the Chiribaya dogs have Peruvian
descendants that can be classified as an original South American
breed...."
Peruvian
researchers want World Canine Organization to name 43 dog mummies as new
breed: Chiribaya
shepherds (sciam.com)
"An ancient Peruvian
culture loved its dogs so much it buried them alongside humans and even
tossed in some tasty treats for the afterlife. Now, researchers are
working to get these very same dogs official breed status. The dogs,
billed Chiribaya shepherds for their llama-herding abilities, were prized
by the Chiribaya people who lived in southern Peru before the Incan
empire. Archeologists digging to discover more about the culture have
found 43 dog remains dating back 1,000 years. Their bodies were naturally
mummified by the region's desert sands -- making their identification as a
possible distinct breed much easier. 'In other cultures, dogs were
sacrificed. But here the dog's burial contemplated an afterlife because in
some cases it was wrapped in cloths and buried along with food in a
cemetery for humans,' said anthropologist Sonia Guillen, adding that such
treatment of pets was only seen before in ancient Egypt. Researchers at
the Mallqui Center of biological archeology, who have led the excavations,
teamed up with the country's Kennel Club to study these ancient dogs'
traits, noting their type of paw or the color of their fur. Ultimately,
their goal is to convince the Belgium-based World Canine Organization that
the dogs buried in Peru's Ilo valley represent a new and distinct breed,
indigenous to South America. Researchers say some dogs living today in the
Ilo valley share the traits of their ancient predecessors...."
Mummified
Chiribaya dog displayed at Ilo museum (livingperu.com)

"The
mummy of a dog from the Chiribaya culture, dating from between 1100
and 1300, sits on display at El Algarrobal museum, near the port of
Ilo in southern Peru. The dogs, which helped in herding llamas in
the pre-Hispanic culture that predated the Incas, were given special
treatment when they died. Their mummified bodies were given their
own burial with food and blankets to keep them warm in the
afterlife."
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September
2006
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CRIME:
AUSTRIA
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Robbers
in Vienna get terrible shock as they open box containing eight mummified
heads in dentist's basement
(reuters.co.uk)
"Burglars in
Vienna opted for a speedy getaway after they found eight severed human
heads when breaking into the basement of a block of flats, Austrian
police said on Friday. A dentist had stored the mummified heads, which
he used for research, in a chest in the basement. Burglars stumbled upon
the collection when they broke in, police said. 'The burglars were
looking for loot when they discovered the heads,' said a spokeswoman for
Austrian police. 'From what it looks like, they just left them lying and
bolted away.'Austrian authorities said they were investigating whether
there had been a breach of the regulations for storing research
materials.... "
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September
2006
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ÖTZI:
LATEST STUDIES
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Ötzi
died a quick death, according to new CAT-scan: finding corroborates theory
that the Iceman was killed by several attackers
(ansa.it)
"The prehistoric
hunter known as the Iceman took a bare few minutes to die after an arrow
hit a vital artery, a forensic expert said Wednesday after a CAT scan on
the famous mummy. 'He died of loss of blood very quickly. With a wound
like that he couldn't even have taken another step,' said Bolzano Hospital
pathologist Eduard Egarter Vigl. The discovery adds to the riddle over the
Iceman's death. For years, the accepted version was that the hunter, also
known as Oetzi, was shot by another hunter prepared to kill for deer. This
version was based on flora found in his stomach, which came from a valley
where deer would be expected to roam. Therefore, experts said, the Iceman
was hit by the hunter's arrow in a mountain prairie but managed to stagger
up to the glacier where he was found 5,000 years later. Recent evidence -
corroborated by Wednesday's CAT scan - has backed a rival theory that the
Iceman was assassinated by several attackers...."
Rewriting
Ötzi's history: Bone study suggests that he was a shepherd, not a
hunter
(ansa.it)
"Italy's famed
Iceman was probably a shepherd and not a hunter as previously believed. A
new study shows the Iceman was sturdier and niftier than his Neolithic
(Late Stone Age) contemporaries. The bone analysis by American and
Austrian scientists has found evidence that the prehistoric man was on the
short side and moved a lot. 'He was more like the people who came before,
in the Mesolithic Era (Middle Stone Age),' US researcher Christopher Ruff
told the Journal of Human Evolution (JHE). The Iceman's squat frame and
strong bones were ideal for his job, 'probably that of a high-altitude
shepherd,' Ruff believes. Previous studies have concluded, by contrast,
that the man from the distant past was a hunter. 'He evidently went for
long walks over extremely hilly terrain,' said Johns Hopkins University
lecturer Ruff, leader of a team which compared the Iceman's tibia to the
remains of 139 prehistoric men..."
MORE
ON THE ÖTZI NEWS PAGE
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September
2006
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MUMMY
SCIENCE: NEW YORK
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To
determine effect of exposure to 9/11 WTC dust, preserved tissue bank
of organs and body fluids to be started for autopsies of deceased
workers
(msnbc.msn.com)
"Federal health officials have drawn up a plan
for autopsies of Sept. 11 workers when they die, to determine whether
they were slowly killed by their exposure to World Trade Center dust.
New York lawmakers said Wednesday they fear rising numbers of early
deaths among ground zero workers. They called for hearings and a new,
nearly $2 billion treatment program for sick workers and lower
Manhattan residents. The federal coordinator of Sept. 11 health
issues, John Howard, found coroners around the country need specific
instructions for conducting autopsies on those exposed to World Trade
Center dust and debris. The towers' collapse in 2001 produced thick
plumes of concrete dust, fiberglass, asbestos, and lead. The autopsy
guidelines, which were submitted for review by outside experts on
Sept. 15, follow the release last month of treatment guidelines for
sick workers, issued by New York City health officials. The draft
autopsy guidelines from the federal government describe which parts of
the lungs should be examined, and urge the creation of a "tissue
bank" so that certain organs and body fluids are preserved for
later testing...."
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September
2006
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WAR
CRIME:
JAPAN
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A
nurse's story about WW2 POW medical experiments: Secret mass grave of
bodies and preserved body parts reportedly under Tokyo apartment project
(mainichi-msn.co.jp)
"The Toyama No. 5 apartment block is quiet at
midday -- laundry flapping from balconies, old people taking an
after-lunch stroll. But the building and its nearby park may be sitting on
a gruesome World War II secret. A wartime nurse has broken more than 60
years of silence to reveal her part in burying dozens, perhaps hundreds,
of bodies there as American forces occupied the Japanese capital. The way
experts see it, these were no ordinary casualties of war, but possible
victims of Tokyo's shadowy wartime experiments on live prisoners of war --
an atrocity that has never been officially recognized by the Japanese
government, but is well documented by historians and participants. The
neighborhood on the west side of Tokyo is deeply troubled...."
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September
2006
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DISCOVERY:
RUSSIA AND WALES
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Two men keep their loved
ones' mummified remains at home
Tatarstan
man places mother's body in attic for ten years
(mosnews.com)
"A
man in the central Russian province of Tatarstan has kept his mother’s
mummified body in the attic of his house for 10 years before it was
discovered by police Chronometer newspaper reported on Wednesday. At the
interrogation the man said he saw nothing wrong in this and added that he
acted within the tradition of his people. Police discovered the dead body
in the attic when they were looking for goods stolen in a recent robbery.
The body was buried under a heap of pillows, wrapped in a blanket and
covered in oilcloth which, as investigators say, prevented it from
decaying...."
Retired
man, unable to cope with wife's death, keeps her mummified body at home
until discovered five months later (bbc.co.uk)
"A pensioner lived
with the remains of his late wife for five months because he could not
come to terms with the shock of her death, an inquest heard. The mummified
remains of Howard Lewis' wife Elizabeth, 79, were found in a bed in the
house in Pontypridd in November by police after neighbours called them. Mr
Lewis told officers she was sleeping before he was arrested for concealing
a body. He was not prosecuted.... "
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September
2006
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DISCOVERY:
CALIFORNIA
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Real
mummified body found on CSI set (people.com)
"Things got a bit
too realistic on the set of CSI: New York on Tuesday, where an
actual mummified body was discovered inside the building where production
was underway. Though downtown Los Angeles was subbing for the streets of
New York, the corpse was real, a source close to the show tells PEOPLE,
adding that the remains were found on the 5th floor of the building –
only two floors below the actors and film crew. The body, the source says,
'was discovered by a building engineer who checked on the tenant because
he had not paid rent for the month.' Making matters weirder is that the
show has already shot an episode revolving around the discovery of a
mummified body. Though the show's stars – Gary Sinise and Melina
Kanakaredes – were not on location at the time of the discovery, day
players and the stunt people were...."
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September
2006
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MUMMY
HISTORY:
BOLIVIA
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Che
Guevara's hands preserved by Bolivian captors (theeyeopener.com)
"...Che was shot not
long after, and his body was flown to Vellegrande, the capital of Bolivia.
The Bolivian army exhibited the body for several days to prove that they
had indeed killed Che Guevara. They opened his eyes to increase the
resemblance to his living self and presented him to the media.... General
Ovando, commander-in-chief of the Bolivian army, wanted to cut off and
preserve Che’s head for identification purposes. He was eventually
settled to cutting off Che’s hands and taking fingerprints. After a
bizarre series of events, the preserved hands were smuggled back into
Cuba. Castro was going to put them on public display until the Guevara
family protested. The body of Che stayed in Bolivia, in an unmarked
mass-grave and was not found until 1997...."
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September
2006
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MUMMY
BURIAL: PHILIPPINES
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Preserved
body of former Philippine dictator Marcos to be buried (iht.com)
"Former Philippine
first lady Imelda Marcos found a perfect birthday gift for her late
husband Monday, saying she has arranged his final resting place at the
family's property, a choice that could end years of controversy over his
body. Marcos, ousted in a 1986 'people power' revolt, died three years
later in exile in Hawaii. His preserved body has been displayed in a glass
coffin in his northern hometown of Batac since it was flown back to the
Philippines in 1993. Mrs. Marcos, a wealthy socialite who gained fame for
her diamond-encrusted tiaras and 1,220 pairs of shoes, pressed a campaign
earlier this year for her husband to be buried in the National Heroes'
Cemetery in Manila, pointing out that he was a decorated World War II hero
and former commander-in-chief. But many protested in a country still
reeling from his 20-year dictatorship, so Mrs. Marcos and daughter Imee
said they've settled on a green hilltop on the side of the Cordillera
mountain range, near the mausoleum where his body lies...."
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September
2006
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FOOD
MUMMY?:
VIRGINIA
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Just
in time for Halloween: Mummified sausage biscuit 'haunts' former
hardware store (fredericksburg.com)
"The
sausage-and-cheese biscuit lay in state in a window of the former
Fredericksburg Hardware building for at least three months before someone
hung a banner in the window announcing the Jaycees Haunted House. 'Well,'
observed a co-worker, inspecting the aged biscuit through the glass, 'it is
kind of scary.' Scary indeed. The fast-food breakfast sandwich had become
a curiosity since showing up in the William Street window sometime in late
May. It was unwrapped but still nestled in the waxed paper, as if someone
had been poised to eat it, then simply got distracted--or thought better
of it. As the weeks ticked by, passersby, both nauseated and intrigued,
marveled at its unchanging condition. The biscuit possessed a waxy,
Leninesque complexion, the cheese having taken on a beige, translucent
pallor, the sausage appearing a tad hockey-puckish. But much like the
former Soviet leader, preserved behind glass long after death, the biscuit
appeared remarkably lifelike, not all that different from the day it was
abandoned on the windowsill...."
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September
2006
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EXHIBIT:
TEXAS
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San
Antonio's Witte Museum to display shrunken monkey's head and photo of
shrunken human head from early 1900s
(mysanantonio.com)
"Put your
grandchildren on alert: The shrunken head — one of them, at least — is
on its way back to the exhibit floor. The heads, as you probably remember,
are ascribed to a tribe in South America. The Jivaro, as they were called
by the Spanish, are now better known as the Shuar, the name they call
themselves. The Shuar live along the Amazon in Peru and Ecuador and may
have been the last tribe to practice head-shrinking. From the late 1800s
through the early 1900s, travelers traded manufactured goods with them for
shrunken heads — then much prized as curios. Two heads were donated to
the Witte in the 1930s and '40s and kept with its Latin American
collection. The first head, a woman's, was donated in 1936 by Dr. J.W.
Nixon and came from the interior of Peru, according to Bess Carroll
Woolford and Ellen Quillin Schulz in their 1966 history, 'The Story of the
Witte Museum.' A second Jivaro head, they say, 'was given by E.O. Goldbeck,
world-traveling photographer.' While the exact origins of the Witte's
shrunken heads are not known, there's a clear difference between them. One
belonged to a monkey — donated, say museum staff, with the belief that
it was a shrunken human head...."
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September
2006
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ANIMAL
MUMMY?:
ALLIGATOR SKIN
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From
swamp to swank: Using preserved alligator skin in commerce
(kansascity.com)
"The hunters slice through the morning silence
on Lake Okeechobee, airboats whining as a helicopter follows in the
distance, black insect on a pink sky. The chopper thunders closer, then
zooms past. The lookout in the cockpit radios down directions. He's
spotted an alligator nest in the marsh. Tracy Howell revs his airboat
engine and charges into the swirling blades of grass and giant cane. He
and his hunting partner then leap off, trudging through the muck. Their
only weapon: a plastic canoe paddle covered with the bite marks of angry
mother alligators. The females fight to protect what the hunters are
after. Alligator eggs. The brush parts to reveal a large nest. The mama?
Nowhere to be seen, though that doesn't mean she isn't close, lurking in
a mud cave only feet away...."
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