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UPDATE: ÖTZI
September 2006
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September 2006 

MUMMY SCIENCE: IRAN

Oxford University archaeologists to help study the four salt mummies of Chehrabad Salt Mine (payvand.com) 

"The director of an archaeological team working at the Chehrabad Salt Mine in the Hamzehlu region near Zanjan said that a group of Oxford University archaeologists is interested in participating in the study on the salt men found at the mine. 'A group of Oxford University archaeologists has prepared a plan, asking to participate in the study, and the Center for Archaeological Research is investigating the plan,' Abolfazl Aali told the Persian service of CHN on Wednesday. 'The archaeologists will be invited to the project if their plan is approved by the center. The collaboration would be a good experience for both sides,' he added. Last year, pieces of clothing and DNA samples from three of the four ancient salt men were sent to Oxford University for carbon-14 dating. 'The Chehrabad Salt Mine is one of the world's unique ancient sites, but there are also similar sites in other countries where their archaeologists have had many experiences, which could be helpful for us,' Aali said. Four bodies of people dubbed "salt men" have been unearthed by mineworkers over the past ten years...."

More information about the Chehrabad Salt Mummies

 

September 2006 

MUMMY SCIENCE: UK

Remaking an animal mummy: Artist Damien Hirst tries to preserve his tiger shark all over again (iht.com) 

"In this vast Gloucestershire flatland dotted with abandoned airplane hangars, a former Royal Air Force Station where pilots once plotted classified missions during World War II, the artist Damien Hirst was overseeing a secret operation of his own one recent morning.
 It was a delicate undertaking, one that required rubber protective jumpsuits, long tables of medical equipment and more than 224 gallons of formaldehyde. The goal: to replace the decaying tiger shark that floats in one of Hirst's best known works of conceptual art, "The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living." As rap music quietly played in the background, five men and a woman wearing bright yellow suits, black rubber gloves and breathing masks huddled over the shark's hulking 4-meter-long replacement. The immediate impression was that the shark was being treated by a team of acupuncturists: about 200 large needles dotted its body. So toxic was the air that the property could be reached only through security- coded iron gates, and no one, not even the artist, was allowed near the shark without protective gear. As Hirst, 41, looked on, he plucked a long hypodermic needle from a nearby worktable...."

More information about Damien Hirst's animal mummy art

 

September 2006 

ÖTZI: LAWSUIT

Lawsuit over finder's fee set to continue, as local authorities appeal to Italy's highest court (ansa.it) 

"A legal battle over a finder's fee for Italy's famous Iceman mummy is set to run and run. Local authorities have appealed to Italy's highest court against a May verdict by a lower court which ruled that Austrian couple Helmut and Erika Simon found the 5,000-year-old frozen man. The lower court said that Erika, who lost her husband in a mountain accident two years ago, should be properly compensated. In its appeal to the Cassation Court, the provincial council in Bolzano argued that Mrs Simon was asking for too much, 150,000 euros, for the sensational 1991 find. 'One has to consider that we have borne all the expense of exploiting the find,' it claimed. Ms Simon countered by reiterating that the Iceman had been a goldmine for the northern Italian city. For years, Bolzano's provincial administration have been offering the Simons 50,000 euros In spurning the fee, the Simons cited the estimated four million euros a year the Iceman generates for restaurants, hotels and souvenir-sellers in Bolzano alone - not to mention a worldwide industry of TV programmes, documentaries and books..." 

MORE ON THE ÖTZI NEWS PAGE

 

September 2006 

MUMMY UPDATE: MAINE

What happened to the Egyptian mummy? Nonesuch House Antiques in Wiscasset goes up for sale, revealing mummy's fate (pressherald.mainetoday.com) 

"Terry Lewis was a merchant mariner, antiques collector and comedian, but he's best known as the Mummy Man. Lewis's controversial decision to display an Egyptian mummy at his antiques shop made news around the globe in 1996. The mummy's gone, but the public has one last chance to view other objects that Lewis brought from around the world to midcoast Maine. Lewis died in June, and The Cyr Auction Co. of Gray will auction off Nonesuch House Antiques' collection, as well as the Colonial style home, at 10 a.m. Saturday on Middle Street.... In 1996, his shop made headlines and network television after the Maine Attorney General's Office learned that he had an Egyptian mummy on the premises. Lewis acquired the mummy in 1992 at a museum liquidation sale in New Hampshire. The U.S. Customs Service placed a seizure order on the mummy, which prevented Lewis from selling it. The controversy, which was reported by various news media, ended in 1997 after two Egyptologists from the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston inspected the unwrapped, blackened specimen and determined that it had no cultural value to Egypt.... Sonia MacNeil, who handles public relations for Cyr Auction, said Lewis sold the mummy to the Niagara Falls Museum in Toronto in the late 1990s...."

 

September 2006 

MUMMY SCIENCE: CANADA

Dinosaur specimens, discovered in box under ping-pong table, provide mummy-fossil record of ichthyosaur embryos inside pregnant fossil (physorg.com) 

"Embryos found within the body of a pregnant fossil also mark the most recent record of a live birth and the physically smallest known ichthyosaur embryos. 'It was pretty amazing to realize this valuable discovery had sat under a ping-pong table for 25 years,' said Dr. Michael Caldwell, paleontologist at the U of A. 'But I suppose that after 100 millions of years in the dirt, it's all relative.' A few decades ago, graduate students and a technician from the Faculty of Science collected several ichthyosaur specimens - the marine animals resembled dolphins and fish - from the Loon River Formation at Hay River, NWT. Somehow the bones ended up in several boxes underneath a ping-pong table in the science undergraduate lab. When Caldwell arrived in 2000, he started renovations, found the boxes and immediately started inquiring about the fossils. Allan Lindoe, the technician of the original dig, was still in the faculty and explained the history. Working with Erin Maxwell, an undergraduate student at the U of A at the time, Caldwell soon learned the bones were from the Lower Cretaceous period, or about 100 million years old. This finding was significant since it bridged a huge gap - the previous set of pregnant ichthyosaur specimens was dated 80 millions earlier. The Loon Lake collection was also the most northern record of ichthyosaur remains from Canada.... The research is published in the current issue of the journal Palaeontology."

 

September 2006 

MUMMY SCIENCE: SPAIN

Egyptologists meet in La Laguna to discuss intriguing question: Are the Canary Islands' Guanche mummies related to mummies of Ancient Egypt? (tenerifenews.com) 

"...though he discounted any direct linkage between the aboriginal inhabitants of the Canary Islands and the ancient Egyptians, a theory based on their love of mummifying their dead and which has gained ground in recent years, the professor [Antonio Tejera Gaspar] admitted that an indirect relationship was possible. 'There is no doubt about the north African origins of the inhabitants of these islands,' he said and went on to explain that it is generally accepted they were descended from Libyan Berbers who themselves probably originated west of the Nile. They began to settle in the Canaries in around the first century AD. Moving on to the vexed question of whether Guanche mummification owes anything – or everything – to Egypt, Professor Tejera said: 'It is very probable the old system of mummification so characteristic of Tenerife and Gran Canaria could have derived from ancient knowledge. These people did after all come from Africa. Some of the Berber tribes were relatively close to Egypt and many communities, say in the second or third millennium, were in contact with the Egyptians. So it would not be straining credibility too far to say that the practice could have some link with them, but not a direct one. ' "

 

MUMMY TOMBS COMMENT: 

Some Egyptologists will continue working on the possible relationship between Guanche mummies and Egyptian mummies for some time to come. At the same time,  a group of pyramids in Güímar on the island of Tenerife has also raised intriguing possible connections between ancient Egyptians and the early settlers of the Canaries. Not all are convinced of the age of the Güímar pyramids, however, including Professor Tejera (see above article). Yet famed researcher Thor Heyerdahl has studied the pyramids. Though he discovered many things about them, he was unable to date them.

FOR FURTHER READING

The best book on the subject (limited to one chapter in the book) is Howard Reid's In Search of the Immortals:

More information about the Guanche mummies at the Mummy Tombs

 

 

September 2006 

EXHIBIT: PERU

More on the ancient mummified dogs of Peru

Chiribaya culture buried dogs with blankets and treats alongside human mummy tombs (boston.com) 

"Even in ancient Peru, it seems dogs were a man's best friend. Peruvian investigators have discovered a pre-Columbian culture of dog lovers who built pet cemeteries and buried their pets with warm blankets and even treats for the afterlife. 'They are dogs that were thanked and recognized for their social and familial contribution,' anthropologist Sonia Guillen said. 'These dogs were not sacrificed.' Since 1993, researchers have unearthed 82 dog tombs in pet cemetery plots, laid alongside human mummy tombs of the Chiribaya people in the fertile Osmore River valley, 540 miles southeast of Lima. The Chiribaya were farmers who lived from A.D. 900 to 1350 before the rise of Peru's Inca Empire. 'We have found that in all the cemeteries, always, in between the human tombs there are others dedicated to the dogs, full-grown and puppies,' said Guillen, who specializes in the study of mummies. 'They have their own grave and in some cases they are buried with blankets and food.' Guillen, director of the Centro Mallqui, the Bioanthropology Foundation of Peru, said the dogs are known as Chiribaya shepherds for their herding abilities. She and her team are trying to prove the Chiribaya dogs have Peruvian descendants that can be classified as an original South American breed...."

Peruvian researchers want World Canine Organization to name 43 dog mummies as new breed: Chiribaya shepherds (sciam.com) 

"An ancient Peruvian culture loved its dogs so much it buried them alongside humans and even tossed in some tasty treats for the afterlife. Now, researchers are working to get these very same dogs official breed status. The dogs, billed Chiribaya shepherds for their llama-herding abilities, were prized by the Chiribaya people who lived in southern Peru before the Incan empire. Archeologists digging to discover more about the culture have found 43 dog remains dating back 1,000 years. Their bodies were naturally mummified by the region's desert sands -- making their identification as a possible distinct breed much easier. 'In other cultures, dogs were sacrificed. But here the dog's burial contemplated an afterlife because in some cases it was wrapped in cloths and buried along with food in a cemetery for humans,' said anthropologist Sonia Guillen, adding that such treatment of pets was only seen before in ancient Egypt. Researchers at the Mallqui Center of biological archeology, who have led the excavations, teamed up with the country's Kennel Club to study these ancient dogs' traits, noting their type of paw or the color of their fur. Ultimately, their goal is to convince the Belgium-based World Canine Organization that the dogs buried in Peru's Ilo valley represent a new and distinct breed, indigenous to South America. Researchers say some dogs living today in the Ilo valley share the traits of their ancient predecessors...."

Mummified Chiribaya dog displayed at Ilo museum (livingperu.com) 

"The mummy of a dog from the Chiribaya culture, dating from between 1100 and 1300, sits on display at El Algarrobal museum, near the port of Ilo in southern Peru. The dogs, which helped in herding llamas in the pre-Hispanic culture that predated the Incas, were given special treatment when they died. Their mummified bodies were given their own burial with food and blankets to keep them warm in the afterlife." 

 

September 2006 

CRIME: AUSTRIA

Robbers in Vienna get terrible shock as they open box containing eight mummified heads in dentist's basement (reuters.co.uk) 

"Burglars in Vienna opted for a speedy getaway after they found eight severed human heads when breaking into the basement of a block of flats, Austrian police said on Friday. A dentist had stored the mummified heads, which he used for research, in a chest in the basement. Burglars stumbled upon the collection when they broke in, police said. 'The burglars were looking for loot when they discovered the heads,' said a spokeswoman for Austrian police. 'From what it looks like, they just left them lying and bolted away.'Austrian authorities said they were investigating whether there had been a breach of the regulations for storing research materials.... "

 

September 2006 

ÖTZI: LATEST STUDIES

Ötzi died a quick death, according to new CAT-scan: finding corroborates theory that the Iceman was killed by several attackers (ansa.it) 

"The prehistoric hunter known as the Iceman took a bare few minutes to die after an arrow hit a vital artery, a forensic expert said Wednesday after a CAT scan on the famous mummy. 'He died of loss of blood very quickly. With a wound like that he couldn't even have taken another step,' said Bolzano Hospital pathologist Eduard Egarter Vigl. The discovery adds to the riddle over the Iceman's death. For years, the accepted version was that the hunter, also known as Oetzi, was shot by another hunter prepared to kill for deer. This version was based on flora found in his stomach, which came from a valley where deer would be expected to roam. Therefore, experts said, the Iceman was hit by the hunter's arrow in a mountain prairie but managed to stagger up to the glacier where he was found 5,000 years later. Recent evidence - corroborated by Wednesday's CAT scan - has backed a rival theory that the Iceman was assassinated by several attackers...."

Rewriting Ötzi's history: Bone study suggests that he was a shepherd, not a hunter (ansa.it) 

"Italy's famed Iceman was probably a shepherd and not a hunter as previously believed. A new study shows the Iceman was sturdier and niftier than his Neolithic (Late Stone Age) contemporaries. The bone analysis by American and Austrian scientists has found evidence that the prehistoric man was on the short side and moved a lot. 'He was more like the people who came before, in the Mesolithic Era (Middle Stone Age),' US researcher Christopher Ruff told the Journal of Human Evolution (JHE). The Iceman's squat frame and strong bones were ideal for his job, 'probably that of a high-altitude shepherd,' Ruff believes. Previous studies have concluded, by contrast, that the man from the distant past was a hunter. 'He evidently went for long walks over extremely hilly terrain,' said Johns Hopkins University lecturer Ruff, leader of a team which compared the Iceman's tibia to the remains of 139 prehistoric men..."

MORE ON THE ÖTZI NEWS PAGE

 

September 2006 

MUMMY SCIENCE: NEW YORK

To determine effect of exposure to 9/11 WTC dust, preserved tissue bank of organs and body fluids to be started for autopsies of deceased workers (msnbc.msn.com) 

"Federal health officials have drawn up a plan for autopsies of Sept. 11 workers when they die, to determine whether they were slowly killed by their exposure to World Trade Center dust. New York lawmakers said Wednesday they fear rising numbers of early deaths among ground zero workers. They called for hearings and a new, nearly $2 billion treatment program for sick workers and lower Manhattan residents. The federal coordinator of Sept. 11 health issues, John Howard, found coroners around the country need specific instructions for conducting autopsies on those exposed to World Trade Center dust and debris. The towers' collapse in 2001 produced thick plumes of concrete dust, fiberglass, asbestos, and lead. The autopsy guidelines, which were submitted for review by outside experts on Sept. 15, follow the release last month of treatment guidelines for sick workers, issued by New York City health officials. The draft autopsy guidelines from the federal government describe which parts of the lungs should be examined, and urge the creation of a "tissue bank" so that certain organs and body fluids are preserved for later testing...."

 

September 2006 

WAR CRIME: JAPAN

A nurse's story about WW2 POW medical experiments: Secret mass grave of bodies and preserved body parts reportedly under Tokyo apartment project (mainichi-msn.co.jp) 

"The Toyama No. 5 apartment block is quiet at midday -- laundry flapping from balconies, old people taking an after-lunch stroll. But the building and its nearby park may be sitting on a gruesome World War II secret. A wartime nurse has broken more than 60 years of silence to reveal her part in burying dozens, perhaps hundreds, of bodies there as American forces occupied the Japanese capital. The way experts see it, these were no ordinary casualties of war, but possible victims of Tokyo's shadowy wartime experiments on live prisoners of war -- an atrocity that has never been officially recognized by the Japanese government, but is well documented by historians and participants. The neighborhood on the west side of Tokyo is deeply troubled...."

 

September 2006 

DISCOVERY: RUSSIA AND WALES

Two men keep their loved ones' mummified remains at home

Tatarstan man places mother's body in attic for ten years (mosnews.com) 

Photo from www.knedlik.ru "A man in the central Russian province of Tatarstan has kept his mother’s mummified body in the attic of his house for 10 years before it was discovered by police Chronometer newspaper reported on Wednesday. At the interrogation the man said he saw nothing wrong in this and added that he acted within the tradition of his people. Police discovered the dead body in the attic when they were looking for goods stolen in a recent robbery. The body was buried under a heap of pillows, wrapped in a blanket and covered in oilcloth which, as investigators say, prevented it from decaying...." 

Retired man, unable to cope with wife's death, keeps her mummified body at home until discovered five months later (bbc.co.uk) 

"A pensioner lived with the remains of his late wife for five months because he could not come to terms with the shock of her death, an inquest heard. The mummified remains of Howard Lewis' wife Elizabeth, 79, were found in a bed in the house in Pontypridd in November by police after neighbours called them. Mr Lewis told officers she was sleeping before he was arrested for concealing a body. He was not prosecuted.... "

 

September 2006 

DISCOVERY: CALIFORNIA

Real mummified body found on CSI set (people.com) 

"Things got a bit too realistic on the set of CSI: New York on Tuesday, where an actual mummified body was discovered inside the building where production was underway. Though downtown Los Angeles was subbing for the streets of New York, the corpse was real, a source close to the show tells PEOPLE, adding that the remains were found on the 5th floor of the building – only two floors below the actors and film crew. The body, the source says, 'was discovered by a building engineer who checked on the tenant because he had not paid rent for the month.' Making matters weirder is that the show has already shot an episode revolving around the discovery of a mummified body. Though the show's stars – Gary Sinise and Melina Kanakaredes – were not on location at the time of the discovery, day players and the stunt people were...."

 

September 2006 

MUMMY HISTORY: BOLIVIA

Che Guevara's hands preserved by Bolivian captors (theeyeopener.com) 

"...Che was shot not long after, and his body was flown to Vellegrande, the capital of Bolivia. The Bolivian army exhibited the body for several days to prove that they had indeed killed Che Guevara. They opened his eyes to increase the resemblance to his living self and presented him to the media.... General Ovando, commander-in-chief of the Bolivian army, wanted to cut off and preserve Che’s head for identification purposes. He was eventually settled to cutting off Che’s hands and taking fingerprints. After a bizarre series of events, the preserved hands were smuggled back into Cuba. Castro was going to put them on public display until the Guevara family protested. The body of Che stayed in Bolivia, in an unmarked mass-grave and was not found until 1997...."

 

September 2006 

MUMMY BURIAL: PHILIPPINES

Preserved body of former Philippine dictator Marcos to be buried (iht.com) 

"Former Philippine first lady Imelda Marcos found a perfect birthday gift for her late husband Monday, saying she has arranged his final resting place at the family's property, a choice that could end years of controversy over his body. Marcos, ousted in a 1986 'people power' revolt, died three years later in exile in Hawaii. His preserved body has been displayed in a glass coffin in his northern hometown of Batac since it was flown back to the Philippines in 1993. Mrs. Marcos, a wealthy socialite who gained fame for her diamond-encrusted tiaras and 1,220 pairs of shoes, pressed a campaign earlier this year for her husband to be buried in the National Heroes' Cemetery in Manila, pointing out that he was a decorated World War II hero and former commander-in-chief. But many protested in a country still reeling from his 20-year dictatorship, so Mrs. Marcos and daughter Imee said they've settled on a green hilltop on the side of the Cordillera mountain range, near the mausoleum where his body lies...."

 

September 2006 

FOOD MUMMY?: VIRGINIA

Just in time for Halloween: Mummified sausage biscuit 'haunts' former hardware store (fredericksburg.com) 

"The sausage-and-cheese biscuit lay in state in a window of the former Fredericksburg Hardware building for at least three months before someone hung a banner in the window announcing the Jaycees Haunted House. 'Well,' observed a co-worker, inspecting the aged biscuit through the glass, 'it is kind of scary.' Scary indeed. The fast-food breakfast sandwich had become a curiosity since showing up in the William Street window sometime in late May. It was unwrapped but still nestled in the waxed paper, as if someone had been poised to eat it, then simply got distracted--or thought better of it. As the weeks ticked by, passersby, both nauseated and intrigued, marveled at its unchanging condition. The biscuit possessed a waxy, Leninesque complexion, the cheese having taken on a beige, translucent pallor, the sausage appearing a tad hockey-puckish. But much like the former Soviet leader, preserved behind glass long after death, the biscuit appeared remarkably lifelike, not all that different from the day it was abandoned on the windowsill...."

 

September 2006 

EXHIBIT: TEXAS

San Antonio's Witte Museum to display shrunken monkey's head and photo of shrunken human head from early 1900s (mysanantonio.com) 

"Put your grandchildren on alert: The shrunken head — one of them, at least — is on its way back to the exhibit floor. The heads, as you probably remember, are ascribed to a tribe in South America. The Jivaro, as they were called by the Spanish, are now better known as the Shuar, the name they call themselves. The Shuar live along the Amazon in Peru and Ecuador and may have been the last tribe to practice head-shrinking. From the late 1800s through the early 1900s, travelers traded manufactured goods with them for shrunken heads — then much prized as curios. Two heads were donated to the Witte in the 1930s and '40s and kept with its Latin American collection. The first head, a woman's, was donated in 1936 by Dr. J.W. Nixon and came from the interior of Peru, according to Bess Carroll Woolford and Ellen Quillin Schulz in their 1966 history, 'The Story of the Witte Museum.' A second Jivaro head, they say, 'was given by E.O. Goldbeck, world-traveling photographer.' While the exact origins of the Witte's shrunken heads are not known, there's a clear difference between them. One belonged to a monkey — donated, say museum staff, with the belief that it was a shrunken human head...."

 

September 2006 

ANIMAL MUMMY?: ALLIGATOR SKIN

From swamp to swank: Using preserved alligator skin in commerce (kansascity.com) 

 "The hunters slice through the morning silence on Lake Okeechobee, airboats whining as a helicopter follows in the distance, black insect on a pink sky. The chopper thunders closer, then zooms past. The lookout in the cockpit radios down directions. He's spotted an alligator nest in the marsh. Tracy Howell revs his airboat engine and charges into the swirling blades of grass and giant cane. He and his hunting partner then leap off, trudging through the muck. Their only weapon: a plastic canoe paddle covered with the bite marks of angry mother alligators. The females fight to protect what the hunters are after. Alligator eggs. The brush parts to reveal a large nest. The mama? Nowhere to be seen, though that doesn't mean she isn't close, lurking in a mud cave only feet away...."

 

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