KINGDOM |
DYNASTY |
PHARAOH |
MUMMY
STATUS |
| Early Dynastic
Period |
1 |
Djer |
Only
the mummified
wrist of Djer (or one of his wives) was found; now lost |
| Old
Kingdom |
3 |
Netjerkhet or Djoser |
Part of Djoser's mummy is in the
collection of Qasr el-Aini in Cairo |
| 4 |
Nebmaet or
Senefru |
Part of
Senefru's mummy is in the collection of Qasr el-Aini in Cairo |
| Menkaure or Mykerinos |
Part of Menkaure's mummy may be
in the collection of the British Museum in London |
| 5 |
Shepseskare or
Isi |
Part of Isi's
mummy is in the collection of Qasr el-Aini in Cairo |
| Djedkare or Isesi |
The left portion of Isesi's
mummified body is in the collection of Qasr el-Aini in Cairo
|
| Wadjtawy or
Unas |
In 1880,
Maspero discovered Unas' mummified, linen-wrapped, and well-preserved left arm and hand
along with skull fragments; Cairo Museum
|
| 6 |
Seheteptawy or Teti |
His poorly-mummified shoulder
and accompanying arm were found; Cairo Museum |
| Pepi I |
Part of Pepi
I's mummy is in the collection of the Cairo Museum |
| Merenre or Nemtyemsaf I |
Uncertain; a naked mummy thought
to be Menenre was discovered in 1881. Preservation technique is at odds with
the known mummification practices at time of Menenre's death; Cairo Museum |
| Middle
Kingdom |
11 |
Mentuhotep II |
Only a few of
his bones survive in the collection of the British Museum; two of his royal wives fared
better--both of their mummies are in the collection of Qasr el-Aini in Cairo |
| 13 |
Hor |
Hor's mummy was only a skeleton
(except for the head with its unremoved brain); Cairo Museum |
| Second
Intermediate Period |
17 |
Taa II |
He died in
battle, which his mummy clearly shows. Poorly mummified (probably because this took place
near the battlefield) Known for having a good set of teeth (unusual among Egyptian
royalty); Cairo Museum |
New
Kingdom |
18 |
Ahmose I or Ahmosis I |
His brain was removed in unusual
way: through the neck to the base of the skull; the mummified body of Ahmose-Nefertiry,
Ahmose's wife, has also been found. When unwrapped, she smelled badly, most likely because
her body had been allowed to decay somewhat before mummification. Both are in the
collection of the Cairo Museum |
| Amenhotep I or
Amenophis I |
His mummy
abused by graverobbers, it was rewrapped, recoffined, and reburied in the 21st Dynasty.
The mummy of his wife (and sister) Meryetamun was also desecrated by ancient graverobbers;
both are in the holdings of the Cairo Museum. |
| Thutmose I or Tuthmosis I |
The mummy said to be Thutmose I
has its arms along its sides. Unfortunately, other mummies of pharaohs from the 18th
Dynasty had their arms crossed across the chest. Researchers are doubtful that the mummy
is actually Thutmose; Cairo Museum |
| Thutmose II or
Tuthmosis II |
Ransacked by
graverobbers, Thutmose II's mummy was rewrapped and reburied at a later date. Mummy is
covered with "scabs" which may have been a mummymaker's mistake rather than
signs of a disease. Well-groomed finger and toenails; Cairo Museum |
| Thutmose III or Tuthmosis III |
Also damaged by graverobbers, Thutmose III's mummy was so ruined that
later mummymakers used wooden splints tied to what was left of the body to reinforce it;
Cairo Museum |
| Amenhotep II
or Amenophis II |
Robbed by
ancient graverobbers--and later by modern ones--the mummy of Amenhotep II was finally sent
by train to the Cairo Museum where it remains today. |
| Thutmose IV or Tuthmosis IV |
Very thin (perhaps from a disease), Thutmose IV's mummy was also robbed.
Eventually, it was rewrapped and moved to Amenhotep II's tomb, though during the process
the pharaoh's feet broke off. Pierced ears (the first pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty to have
them); Cairo Museum |
| Amenhotep III or Amenophis III |
Very badly damaged, Amenhotep III's head is mostly a skull (no flesh).
Near the time of his death, he suffered from obesity and severe dental problems. Perhaps
paving the way for later mummymaking methods, mummymakers used their best methods to
construct his mummy (packed with resin and linen and molded); Cairo Museum |
| Smenkhkare |
It's unclear whether this is truly Smenkhkare's mummy or not--because it
has become only a skeleton; Cairo Museum |
| Tutankhamun |
Intact upon its discovery, Tutankhamun's mummy was severely damaged both
by the mummification process and the unwrapping and abuse by Howard Carter &
Associates. Now back in the tomb in the Valley of the Kings |
| 19 |
Ramesses I |
Back
in Egypt after an incredible journey |
| Seti I or Sethos I |
The son of Ramesses I, Seti I has a well-preserved head (detached from a
badly battered body by graverobbers); Cairo Museum |
| Ramesses II |
Researchers who know report that Ramesses II has the worst set of teeth of
any royal mummy. Ramesses II is also the only royal mummy to have traveled on its own
passport to Paris (for research and refurbishing); Cairo Museum. The mummy of his wife
Nefertari survives barely: only her knees remain in the Egyptian Museum in Turin, Italy. |
| Merenptah |
Ancient tomb robbers hacked his mummy apart with a knife or an ax looking
for loot; Cairo Museum |
| Seti II or Sethos II |
Greedy tombrobbers broke into Seti II's skull looking for valuables, but
they missed a number of amulets on his legs. Wrapped with linen bandages and two shirts;
Cairo Museum |
| Siptah |
Nearly destroyed by graverobbers, Siptah's mummy is packed with lichen
(rather than linen). Unwrappers found a black line painted across his forehead. A
shortened left leg means that Siptah may have had cerebral palsy or polio; Cairo Museum |
| 20 |
Sethnakhte |
May have been
found, but records are unclear. |
| Ramesses III |
The Mummy Movie (original version) based the appearance of its mummy
monster on Ramesses III, a murder victim (a record of his murderers' trial still survives).
Linen-packed eye sockets, pierced ears; Cairo Museum |
| Ramesses IV |
The only royal mummy to have onions in his eye sockets; nostrils were
covered with onion skin (researchers think these may have been an antiseptic); Cairo
Museum |
| Ramesses V |
Not in good shape when he died, Ramesses V had smallpox. His internal
organs were replaced in the body (not common until the 21st Dynasty) with sawdust; Cairo
Museum |
| Ramesses VI |
Destroyed by graverobbers (missing skull but not the facial skin, hacked
abdomen, detached arms--the right arm missing), ancient Egyptian mummymakers tried to put
his back together again. If you see a picture of this unwrapped mummy, you'll know in a
second how badly it was damaged. But mummymakers added two extra hands to their
restoration--perhaps to make up for the desecration that took place; Cairo Museum |
| Ramesses IX |
Missing a nose and sporting cracked skin, the mummy of Ramesses IX has
seen better days. But it has never been examined; Cairo Museum |
Third
Intermediate Period |
21 |
Pinudhem I |
Like Ramesses IX, this mummy has never been examined; may be in the Cairo
Museum |
| Psusennes I |
Undamaged by graverobbers, the mummy had the bad luck of being buried in a
damp tomb which caused the destruction of the wrappings and the skin. But the golden mark
and gold mummy-board--and a silver coffin--were undamaged; in the collection of Qasr
el-Aini in Cairo. The mummy of his wife, Nesikhonsu, is one of the best embalmed mummies
of the 21st Dynasty, according to Ikram and Dodson; also in the Cairo Museum |
| Amenemopet |
A damp tomb caused the destruction of Amenemopet's mummy; in the
collection of Qasr el-Aini in Cairo |
| 22 |
Shoshenq II |
Flooding and a damp tomb destroyed almost everything that wasn't metal or
bone in Shoshenq II's mummy, but researchers could still tell that he died of meningitis;
in the collection of Qasr el-Aini in Cairo |
| Harsiese |
Only his skull and an arm bone survive; the skull shows signs of an
operation (trepanation?); in the collection of Qasr el-Aini in Cairo |
| 25 |
Taharqa |
May have been
found, but records are unclear. |
Late Period |
29 |
Nepherites I |
May have been
found, but records are unclear. |
